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Flock Safety ALPR

Fail
Flock Safety · 🏳️ USA · WiFi
PolicyApp PermissionsNetwork TrafficFirmwareRegulatory
Technical details
Manufacturer: Flock Safety

⚠️ The bottom line

Flock Safety promises your city's data stays local. San Francisco found out the FBI, ICE, the DEA, and a dozen other federal agencies had searched its database 1.6 million times in seven months — nobody asked permission. Mountain View discovered 250 agencies had run 600,000 searches on their residents. The class action lawsuit seeks $2,500 per violation. Do the maths on 1.6 million violations. A security researcher found the skeleton key to America's largest surveillance network. Flock's cameras — the ones photographing 150 million vehicles a day — had hardcoded passwords baked into the firmware. Anyone with a screwdriver and 60 seconds could take control. Then 67 cameras were found streaming live, unencrypted video of playgrounds and parking lots to the open internet. Senator Wyden called for an FTC investigation. Flock said the flaws "pose no risk to customers.".

Legal jurisdiction
🇺🇸 United States (data storage)
CLOUD Act read more →
US govt can demand your data from this company even if stored overseas
FISA §702 / PRISM read more →
NSA collects stored emails, photos, messages without individual warrants
Geofence warrants read more →
Police can demand location data for everyone near a crime scene
Audited by: Bishop Fox (pen test, Feb 2026) · Unknown (SOC 2 Type II) · Unknown (ISO 27001)
An audit is a snapshot, not a guarantee. How reliable are these auditors?
Spying
4/4 EXTREME
Is someone spying on me?
Data Sharing
4/4 EXTREME
Who gets my data?
Kids at risk
Security
3/4 HIGH
Is it actually secure?
Honesty
4/4 EXTREME
Can I trust what they say?
Kids at risk
REPLACE Extreme risk. Look for alternatives or lock down hard.
12Contradictions
10Critical
2High
0Medium
19Sources
Findings by concern
Spying 4/4 EXTREME 5 findings
⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
A security researcher found the skeleton key to America's largest surveillance network. Flock's cameras — the ones photographing 150 million vehicles a day — had hardcoded passwords baked into the firmware. Anyone with a screwdriver and 60 seconds could take control. Then 67 cameras were found streaming live, unencrypted video of playgrounds and parking lots to the open internet. Senator Wyden called for an FTC investigation. Flock said the flaws "pose no risk to customers."

What they claim: Flock claims to uphold the highest standards of data integrity and maintains SOC 2 Type II and ISO 27001 certifications.

What we found: GainSec researcher disclosed 51 security findings with 22 CVEs assigned. CVE-2025-47823: hardcoded password in LPR firmware. Root shell in under 60 seconds with physical access. 67 Condor cameras streaming unencrypted video of playgrounds and parking lots to the open internet. Senator Wyden requested FTC investigation. Flock said flaws pose no risk to customers.

⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs regulatory finding
A Texas sheriff typed "had an abortion, search for female" into Flock's system. That single query reached 83,345 cameras across nearly every state in America. When caught, both the sheriff and Flock claimed she was a "missing person." EFF proved that was a lie. One search. 83,000 cameras. No warrant. No geographic boundary. No human reviewed it. The system did exactly what it was designed to do.

What they claim: Flock Safety says allegations of reproductive healthcare surveillance would raise profound constitutional concerns and implies adequate safeguards exist.

What we found: EFF obtained documents showing a Johnson County TX deputy ran ALPR searches with the note "had an abortion, search for female." The second search probed 6,809 Flock networks, accessing 83,345 cameras across nearly the entire country. Both Flock and the Sheriff claimed she was a missing person. EFF proved this was false through court records.

⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
Flock sold cities "gunshot detection" microphones. Then it tried to quietly upgrade them to listen for screaming. No new contract needed — just a software update pushed to microphones already mounted on poles across your neighbourhood. No public notice. No community vote. EFF fought it for nine months. Flock backed down in July 2026. The microphones are still there. The next software update is one push notification away.

What they claim: Flock markets Raven as gunshot detection technology.

What we found: In Oct 2025, EFF discovered Flock planned to expand Raven microphones to listen for human distress including screaming. Remote software update — no new contracts, no public notice, no community vote. EFF fought 9 months. Flock abandoned Jul 2026. Microphones remain installed and continue to analyse all sounds.

⚡ highpolicy claim vs third party research
Evanston told Flock to take down its cameras. Flock took them down — then quietly reinstalled them all. The city had to send a cease-and-desist letter. Six months later, two were still there, removed only when a journalist called to ask about them. In Cambridge, Flock installed two new cameras after the city explicitly ordered all devices removed. In Eugene, cameras were still recording weeks after officials pulled the plug. When a surveillance company ignores "stop recording us," the cameras are not yours. They are Flock's.

What they claim: Flock says data collection stops when contracts end and that cameras follow customer directives.

What we found: Evanston IL ordered cameras removed Aug 2025. Flock reinstalled all 18 cameras without authorisation. City issued cease-and-desist. Last 2 removed Mar 2026 only after journalist inquiry. Cambridge MA: Flock installed NEW cameras after city ordered removal — called a material breach of trust. Eugene OR: cameras still active weeks after officials ordered them off.

⚡ highpolicy claim vs regulatory finding
Flock spent years telling cities that courts love licence plate cameras. Then the Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that mass location surveillance requires a warrant. The case was about geofence warrants, but legal scholars say the logic applies to Flock's 100,000 cameras scanning 20 billion vehicles a month. The Fourth Circuit is already hearing a direct challenge. Meanwhile in Georgia, a cop ticketed a motorcyclist for holding his phone and wrote on the citation: "CAPTURED ON FLOCK CAMERA." Mission creep is not theoretical. It is on the ticket.

What they claim: Flock argues courts have repeatedly and uniformly upheld ALPR as constitutional.

What we found: Supreme Court ruled 6-3 in Chatrie v. United States (Jun 29, 2026) that geofence warrants are Fourth Amendment searches, extending Carpenter privacy principles. Fourth Circuit case Schmidt v. City of Norfolk directly challenges Flock with ACLU/EFF amicus briefs. Georgia State Patrol officer already wrote CAPTURED ON FLOCK CAMERA on a traffic citation for holding a phone.

Data Sharing 4/4 EXTREME 4 findings
⚠️ criticalpolicy claim vs regulatory finding
Flock Safety promises your city's data stays local. San Francisco found out the FBI, ICE, the DEA, and a dozen other federal agencies had searched its database 1.6 million times in seven months — nobody asked permission. Mountain View discovered 250 agencies had run 600,000 searches on their residents. The class action lawsuit seeks $2,500 per violation. Do the maths on 1.6 million violations.

What they claim: Flock Safety says it will never share or sell data and requires explicit written permission for any data sharing.

What we found: FBI, ICE, DEA, CBP, ATF, and other federal agencies queried San Francisco's Flock database more than 1.6 million times in seven months without permission. Mountain View found 250 external agencies conducted 600,000 searches. Class action filed Feb 2026 seeking $2,500 per violation under California ALPR Privacy Act.

⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
A Joplin cop ran his target's plate 395 times in ten months. A Kansas police chief stalked his ex-girlfriend 228 times using taxpayer-funded cameras, then followed her and her new boyfriend in his patrol car. In Milwaukee, the detective assigned to investigate one stalker cop was himself arrested for using Flock to stalk two people. The Institute for Justice counts 28 officers caught — and almost none were flagged by Flock's vaunted "audit trail." The victims had to report it themselves.

What they claim: Flock markets built-in audit trails and accountability safeguards, claiming every search is recorded and tied to a specific user.

What we found: Institute for Justice documented 28 cases of officers abusing ALPR to stalk people. Joplin MO: officer ran one woman's plate 395 times in 10 months. Sedgwick KS: Police Chief tracked ex-girlfriend 228 times, followed her in patrol car. Milwaukee: detective investigating stalker cop was himself arrested for using Flock to stalk two people. Five Albany GA officers arrested by GBI. Almost none caught by audits — victims reported the stalking.

⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
EFF obtained 12 million Flock search records. More than 80 police departments had been running searches for "roma" and racial slurs — not looking for crimes, just looking for Romani people. Flock calls its cameras "objective evidence." Eighty police departments using a nationwide dragnet to target an ethnic minority is not objective. It is the digital infrastructure of racial profiling.

What they claim: Flock markets itself as a tool for objective evidence that helps communities without compromising individual privacy.

What we found: EFF obtained 12+ million searches by 3,900+ agencies. More than 80 law enforcement agencies used language perpetuating harmful stereotypes against Romani people, performing hundreds of searches using terms such as "roma" and racial slurs — often without mentioning any suspected crime.

⚠️ criticalpolicy claim vs data breach report
Police departments filed public records requests for their own Flock audit logs. What came back was unredacted: 2.3 million license plates, 184 million searches, every officer name, every reason given. Someone built a searchable website — type in your plate, see if cops have been tracking you. Flock's fix was not to secure the data. It was to remove officer names from future logs — making the next stalker cop harder to catch. Then Flock tried to get the website taken down. Cloudflare said no.

What they claim: Flock maintains SOC 2 Type II certification and claims no evidence of risk to customer data.

What we found: Unredacted audit logs released via public records requests exposed 2.3 million license plates and 184 million search queries. HaveIBeenFlocked.com built as searchable tool. Flock's fix: strip officer names from future logs — making abuse harder to detect. Flock tried to take down the website; Cloudflare refused. 70 Flock URLs with full plates indexed by search engines.

Security 3/4 HIGH 1 finding
⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
Fifty-three cities looked at Flock Safety and said: get out. Austin. Denver. Cambridge. The entire LAPD. They found unauthorised federal access, stalker cops, fake stolen-car alerts, cameras that reinstalled themselves, and a CEO who lied about federal contracts. Flock's response was to cross 100,000 cameras. The communities that said no are outnumbered by the ones that never asked.

What they claim: Flock claims to be trusted by more than 6,000 communities with community-controlled data.

What we found: By mid-2026, 53+ cities had cancelled or deactivated contracts citing unauthorised federal access, privacy violations, and cybersecurity failures. Austin, Cambridge, Mountain View, Denver, LAPD, Santa Cruz, Charlottesville, Evanston, Olympia, Salem. Despite cancellations, Flock crossed 100,000 cameras. CEO initially denied federal contracts, then admitted CBP pilot. 35 customer accounts reportedly stolen by hackers.

Honesty 4/4 EXTREME 2 findings
⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs regulatory finding
One in three times an LAPD Flock camera flagged a car as stolen, it was wrong. That is 161 innocent people in two months pulled over at gunpoint because a camera made a mistake. The LAPD — not exactly known for its restraint — looked at those numbers and walked away. Flock had two months to negotiate new safety terms. They sent a non-binding letter the day before the contract expired.

What they claim: Flock markets real-time intelligence and accurate vehicle identification to solve crimes.

What we found: 98-page LAPD inspector general audit found 32.3% error rate on stolen-vehicle alerts. 161 false alerts triggered armed stops on innocent drivers in two months. LAPD let contract expire Jul 2026. Flock failed to provide feedback on required data security terms for two months.

⚠️ criticalmarketing claim vs third party research
To close a sales deal, Flock employees pulled up a live camera feed of a children's gymnastics class at a Jewish community centre. A company vice president watched children at the pool. Parents had no idea. The CEO apologised. The city renewed the contract anyway. This is what "demonstration partner programme" means in Flock's vocabulary: your kids are the demo.

What they claim: Flock claims strict access controls and says every search is recorded and tied to a specific user.

What we found: 404 Media obtained records showing Flock employees accessed cameras at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta including a children's gymnastics room and pool as sales demonstrations. VP Bob Carter accessed the Gymnastics camera. Parents had no idea their children were being watched as part of a corporate pitch. CEO apologised. City renewed contract.

Sources